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Expression noise at transcript or protein levels can result in cell-to-cell heterogeneity within an isogenic population. The detailed molecular pathways underlying noise regulation are not fully understood. Dr. Jun-Yi Leu’s group at the Institute of Molecular Biology establishes an experimental evolution strategy to search for mutations that increase expression noise in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and reveals the histone deacetylase Hos2 as a negative noise regulator. They found the Hos2 mutant down-regulated multiple ribosomal protein genes and exhibited partially compromised protein translation, indicating that Hos2 may regulate protein expression noise by modulating the translation machinery. This work was published on May 23, 2024 in Nucleic Acids Research. The lead author of this work, Wei-Han Lin, is a student in the Doctoral Program in Microbial Genomics, which is a collaborating program between Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University. Funding was provided by Academia Sinica and the National Science and Technology Council.