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Post-transcriptional control is a central layer of gene regulation that determines transcript fate and effective output after transcription. This lecture examines how subtle changes in translation dynamics reset the tempo of protein synthesis and co-translational processing, and how scaffolded cytoplasmic RNA–protein assemblies partition mRNAs between translation and decay to shape lifetime distributions and pathway readouts. It further considers how adjustments in gene production driven by miRNA-mediated promoter activation re-establish cytoplasmic equilibria through the same mechanisms. Drawing on recent studies, the talk integrates evidence across ribosome engagement, mRNA turnover, and cellular responses to provide a coherent view of how production, translation, and cytoplasmic metabolism interact to govern gene expression in human cells.