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Abstract: Cold gas accretion and stellar/AGN feedbacks create radial variations in the physical properties of galaxies. Therefore, spatially-resolved information on the interstellar medium in distant galaxies is crucial for understanding galaxy evolution. In this context, I will introduce two ongoing ALMA projects (CRISTAL and FOSSILS), which aim to resolve distant star-forming galaxies at kpc to sub-kpc scales. I will particularly highlight our study of the extended [CII]158μm line emission (the so-called "[CII] halo"), which we suggest partially traces an extended atomic gas component at large radii (Ikeda et al. 2025a). Additionally, I will present ongoing work on sub-kpc imaging of submillimeter galaxies, including a combined analysis of stellar dust distributions in three SMGs (Ikeda et al., 2025b; 2025c). Our findings suggest that multiple pathways exist for triggering intense starbursts in the luminous SMG population. Finally, I would like to introduce an on-going spectroscopic survey of globular clusters and planetary nebulae in the Virgo Cluster using the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS).