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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most important arrhythmias that can lead to stroke, heart failure and mortality. The basic arrhythmia research tools have been developed for the assessment of AF mechanisms, including optical mapping, patch clamp, subcutaneous nerve activity (SCNA), heart rate variability and other novel investigations. We are investigating the mechanism of metabolic syndrome and noise-induced atrial myopathy using optical mapping and SCNA. Other underlying mechanisms should be warranted for further comprehensive study.