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【摘要】

It has long been assumed that a large part of the mass of hadrons is generated by the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry of the strong interaction, which is successfully described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). A clear confirmation of this mechanism from experimental measurements has, however, been elusive, in part due to the difficulty in measuring the order parameter of chiral symmetry, e.g. the chiral condensate. One method for potentially clarifying the relation between chiral symmetry and the hadron masses, is to probe the behavior of hadrons in nuclear matter, where chiral symmetry is believed to be partially restored. For this to work, one needs both a good theoretical understanding of the behavior of hadrons in matter and, equally important, how such a behavior will be reflected in experimental observables. In this seminar, I will outline the basic concepts needed to understand the relation between hadron masses and chiral symmetry of the strong interaction. I will then review the various past and current experiments that have tried to study hadrons in dense matter and introduce methods on how the corresponding experimental data are analyzed, focusing particularly on the use of numerical transport simulations.