Academia Sinica, founded in 1928, is the most prominent academic institution in the Republic of China. While affiliated directly to the Presidential Office of R.O.C., Academia Sinica enjoys independence and autonomy in formulating its own research objectives. Its major tasks are to undertake in-depth academic research on various subjects in the sciences and humanities, and to provide guidelines, channels of coordination, and incentives with a view to raising academic standards in the country.

Towards fulfilling these goals, Academia Sinica has adopted various measures to promote internal integration of research activities in the three research disciplines (mathematics and physical sciences; life sciences; and humanities and social sciences); to help with the planning, implementation, and evaluation of long-term projects in order to enhance the impact of the research activities; to harness basic research results for applications and technology transfer; to engage the academic and research community within Taiwan toward a modern and forward-looking collective academic vision; to cultivate an intellectual environment that is conducive to the nurturing of young scholars and the recognition of outstanding scholarship in Taiwan; and to promote international cooperation and scholarly exchanges that will accelerate the overall development of academic research in Academia Sinica and the Republic of China.

President and Vice Presidents

The current President of Academia Sinica is Dr.Yuan-Tseh Lee, a Nobel laureate in chemistry in 1986, who was inaugurated on Jaunary 15,1994, with Dr. Michael M. C. Lia and Dr. Ts'ui-jung Liu  and Dr. Ovid J. L. Tzeng serving as Vice Presidents. President Lee also chairs the Assembly and the Council of Academia Sinica. Their personal c.v. are as follows:

• Dr. Yuan-Tseh Lee

  President, Academia Sinica
  128 Academia Rd. Sec.2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
  Tel: (886-2)2789-9400；Fax: (886-2)2785-3852

• BORN:

  November 19, 1936
  Hsinchu, Taiwan

• MARITAL STATUS:

  Wife, Bernice

• Education And Degree:

B.S., June 1959, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
M.S., June 1961, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan
Ph.D., June 1965, Department of Chemistry, University of California,   Berkeley (Professor Bruce Mahan)
Postdoctoral Fellow, June 1965 - January 1967,
Department of Chemistry, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley (Professor Bruce Mahan)
Research Fellow, February 1967- September 1968,
Department of Chemistry, Harvard University (Professor Dudley Herschbach)
Doctor (Honoris Causa), University of Waterloo, Canada, 1986.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1987.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Arizona State University, 1990.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), University of Rome, Italy, 1992.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 1993.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 1994.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 1994.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Providence University, Taiwan, 1995.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), University of Maryland, 1996.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), International Tech. University, San Jose, CA, 1996.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Ritsumeikan University, Japan, 1997.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Shizuoka University, Japan, 1997.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, 1997.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, 1997.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, 1998.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), University of Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France, 1998.
Doctor (Honoris Causa), National Tsing-Hua University, 1999
Doctor (Honoris Causa), Washington University in St. Louis, 2000.

• Fellowships & Awards:

  Alfred P. Sloan Fellow, 1969-71.
  Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher Scholar Grant Recipient 1971-74.
  Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Science, 1975.
  Fellow, American Physical Society, 1976.
  John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, 1976-77.
  Member, National Academy of Sciences, 1979.
  Academician, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 1980.
  Miller Professorship, University of California, Berkeley, California, 1981-82.
  Ernest O. Lawrence Award, U.S. Department of Energy, 1981.
  Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 1983.
  Harrison Howe Award, Rochester Section, American Chemical Society, 1983.
  Peter Debye Award of Physical Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 1986.
  National Medal of Science, White House, USA, 1986.
  Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1986.
  Golden Plate Award, American Academy of Achievement, 1987.
  Achievement Award, CEASAC, 1987.
  The Michelson Award, Museum of Science Industry, Chicago, Illinois, 1987.
  The 1987 Minnie Rosen Award for High Achievement, Ross University, 1987.
  Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1988.
  Corresponding Member, Gottingen Academy of Sciences, West Germany, 1988.
  Alumnus of the Year, California Alumni Association, University of California, Berkeley, California, 1988.
  External Member, Max Planck Institute fur Stromungsforschung, Gottingen, West Germany, 1988.
  Visiting Professor, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, 1989.
  Tsin Kaiyin Distinguished Professor, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 1991.
  Faraday Medal, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, Great Britain, 1992.
  Fellow, Third World Academy of Sciences, 1994.
  The Honorary Member, International Academy of Sciences, 1994.
  Distinguished Accomplishment Award, Chinese Chemical Society, Taipei, Taiwan, 1995.
  The Honorary Foreign Member, The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, 1995.
  Distinguished Anniversary Fellow, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 1996.
  The Honorary Foreign Member, Indian National Science Academy, 1997.
  The Clark Kerr Award, University of California at Berkeley, 1999.

• Academic Position:
  
  Assistant Professor of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 1968-71.
  Associate Professor of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 1971-72.
  Professor of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 1973-74.
  Professor of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 1974-91.
  University Professor, University of California, California, 1991-94, Emeritus, 1994.
  Graduate Professor, University of California, Berkeley, California, 1994-97.
  Principal Investigator, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1974-97.
  Distinguished Research Fellow, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1994 - present.
  President, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994 - present.
  

• HONORARY PROFESSORSHIP:

  Honorary Professor, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, 1980.
  Honorary Professor, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 1980.
  Honorary Professor, Chinese University of Science and Technology, Hofei, China, Anhuei, China, 1986.
  Honorary Professor, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, 1987.
  Honorary Professor, Nankai University, Tientsin, China, 1987.
  Honorary Director, National Laboratory for Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics, Dalien and Beijing, China, 1987.
  Honorary Professor, Beijing University, Beijing, China, 1988.
  Honorary Professor, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 1988.
  Honorary Professor, Fuzou Institute for the Structure of Matters, Fuzou, China, 1988.
  Honorary Professor, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 1993.
  Honorary Professor, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994.

• LECTURESHIPS:

  3M Lecturer, University of Minnesota, 1973.
  JSAP (Japan Society of Advancement of Science) Senior Lecturer, 1977.
  Philip Lecturer, Haverford College, 1978.
  Coover Lecturer, Iowa State University, 1979.
  Falk-Plaut Lecturer, Columbia University, 1980.
  Kuhn Lecturer, Johns Hopkins University, 1981.
  Harkins Lecturer, University of Chicago, 1981.
  Kolthoff Lecturer, University of Minnesota, 1983.
  FMC Lecturer, Princeton University, 1983.
  Gilbert Newton Lewis Memorial Lecture, University of California, Berkeley, 1984.
  Arthur Davidson Lecturer, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 1987.
  Sir Run Run Shaw Distinguished Lecturer, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 1987.
  DeWitt Wallace Distinguished Visitor, MacAlester College. St. Paul, Minnesota, 1987.
  Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 1988.
  Mack Memorial Award Lecturer, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,
  Leland Haworth Lecturer, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1988-90.
  Imperial Oil Lecturer, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 1989.
  Kistiakovsky Lecturer, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1989.
  The Coblentz Society Speaker, 37th Annual Western Spectroscopy Conference, Asilomar, California, 1990.
  The Frederic J. Robbins Lecturer, Pomona College, Claremont, California, 1990.
  Distinguished Visiting Professor Lecturer, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 1990.
  McDowell Lecturer, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1990.
  Frontiers Lecturer, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 1990.
  S. Town Stephenson Lecturer, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 1991.
  Linus Pauling Lecturer, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California,1991.
  Alstadt-Lord-Mark Chair Lecturer, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, 1991.
  Gooch-Stephens Lecturer, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, 1991.
  Hill Lecturer, Duke University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 1992.
  Faraday Medalist Lecturer, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, Great Britain, 1992.
  E. K. C. Lecturer, University of California, Irvine, California, 1992.
  K.T. Lecturer in Science Policy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 1992.
  Faculty Research Lecturer, University of California, Berkeley, California, 1993.
  Merck Lecturer, Hope College, Holland, Michigan, 1993.
  J. T. Baker Lecturer, Columbia University, New York, 1993.
  Eyring Lecturer, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 1993.
  Lee Ka Shing Lecturer, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, 1994.
  Linus Pauling Lecturer, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, 1994.
  DuPont Marshall Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1996.
  Hilldale Lecturer, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1997.
  Flygare Lectureship, University of Illinois at Urbana, 1999.
  2nd WSPC Nobel Laureate Public Lecturer Singapore, 1999.4.12
  Tan Kah Kee Lecturer, Singapore, 1999.4.13
  Chuan Lyu Lecturer, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., 2000.11.22
  The K. L. Cheng Distinguished Lecturer, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kanasas, USA, 2001.04.05
  The Jo Tyler Lecturer, UMKC, Kansas, USA, 2001.04.05

• EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERSHIPS:

  Member, Board of Editors of the Review of Scientific Instruments, 1969-71.
  Associate Editor of Journal of Chemical Physics, 1975-78.
  Editorial Board, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 1976-84.
  Editorial Advisory Board, Laser Chemistry, 1982-.
  Editorial Board, Journal of Energetics Materials, 1983-.
  Advisory Board, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1984-87.
  Advisory Editorial Board, Chemical Physics Letters, 1986-.
  Advisory Editorial Board, Chemical Physics, 1986-.
  Member, Editorial Board, Science Spectra, 1994-.
  Member, Editorial Advisory Board, International Joural of Molecular Sciences, 1999
  Member, Editorial Advisory Board, Chem Phys Chem, 2000
  Editor-at-large, The Chemical Record, 2000

• OTHER EXPERIENCES:

  Member, Chemistry Research Evaluation Panel, AFOSR, 1976-79.
  Member, Visiting Committee for the Chemistry Department of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1977-80.
  Member, International Advisory Committee, International Molecular Beam Symposium, 1977-85.
  Chairman, 1978 Conference on the Dynamics of Molecular Collisions, Asilomar, California, June 1978.
  Member, Program Committee, International Conference on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, France, 1978.
  Member, U.S. Pure and Applied Chemistry Delegation to the People?/FONT>s Republic of China, May-June 1978.
  Member, NAS-NRC Committee on Atomic and Molecular Science, 1980-84.
  Chairman, Advisory Committee, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 1982-94.
  Member, NAS-NRC Committee on Recommendations for the U.S. Army Basic Scientific Research, 1983-86.
  Member, TRIUMF Experimental Evaluation Committee, 1983-85.
  Member, Board of Directors, Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan, 1983-.
  Member, NAS-NRC Steering Committee on the Scope of the China Exchanges Study, 1983-87.
  Member, International Scientific Committee, International Colloquium on Recent Advances in Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Aussois, France, June 1985.
  Member, Visiting Committee, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, 1986-92.
  Member, NAS-NRC Steering Committee on Army Basic Research, 1987-88.
  Member, NAS-NRC Panel for a Review of ONR Opportunities for Research in Energy Conversion, 1987-.
  Co-Chair, Chancellor’s Advisory Committee on Asian American Affairs, University of California, Berkeley, California, 1987-89.
  Member, Welch Foundation Science Advisory Board, 1988-.
  Member, Molecular Science Research Center Advisory Panel, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 1988-.
  Member, Competitive Technology Advisory Committee, Assembly California Legislature, 1989-91.
  Member, California Council on Science and Technology,1990-.
  Member, Secretary of Energy Advisory Board, 1990-92.
  Member, Board of Trustees, California Institute of Technology, 1990-.
  Member, Board of Directors, Chiang Industrial Charity Foundation, Hong Kong, 1990.
  Member, Visiting Committee, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990.
  Member Board of Trustees, Chang Ron Fa Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, 1991-.
  Member, President’s Advisory Board, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 1991-92.
  Co-Chairman, International Symposium on Molecular Beams, Asilomar, California, 1992.
  Member Board of Trustees, Condensed Matter Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, 1992-.
  Chairman, Tan Kah Kee International Association, Hong Kong, 1992-.
  Member, Visiting Committee, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1992.
  Chairman, Visiting Committee, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1993.
  Member, Board of Trustees, Chang Chao-Ting Foundation, Taiwan, 1994-.
  Member, Board of Directors, National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994-.
  Member, National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994-.
  Member, Advisory Panel on Science and Technology, Executive Yuan, Republic of China, 1993-95.
  Member, Board of Trustees, Yuan Tseh Foundation for Science Education, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994-.
  Chairman, Board of Trustees, Foundation for the Advancement of Distinguished Scholars, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994.
  Member, Board of Trustees, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan, 1995.
  Chairman, Educational Reform Council, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan, 1995-96.
  Member, Board of Trustee, Taiwan Peace Foundation, 1997.
  Chief Advisor, Science and Technology Assembly, Executive Yuan, ROC, 1998-.
  Honorary Member, the Chemical Research Society of India, 2001
  Member, Scientific Advisory Board of Epi Gen X Pharmaceuticals Inc, 2001.

• DR. Michael Ming-Chiao Lai
• Personal
  NAME: Michael Ming-Chiao Lai
  TITLE: Vice President, Academia Sinica
  Distinguished Professor of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California
  PLACE OF BIRTH: Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
  BUSINESS ADDRESS: Office of Vice President
  Academia Sinica
  128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang,
  Taipei 115, Taiwan
  Telephone: (02) 2789-9402
  Facsimile: (02) 2785-3208
  

　
• Education
  1968 M.D. Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine,
  Taiwan, Republic of China
  1973 Ph.D. Molecular Biology University of California, Berkeley, California
  1973 Postdoctoral Molecular Biology University of California, Berkeley, California
  

Coronaviruses, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis delta virus

• Dr. Ts'ui-jung Liu
• Personal
  Name: Ts'ui-jung Liu
  Date of Birth: December 5, 1941
  Place of Birth: Changhua, Taiwan
• Education:
  1963 B.A. Department of History, National Taiwan University
  1966 M.A. Graduate Institute of History, National Taiwan University
  1970 M.A. Regional Studies: East Asia, Harvard University
  1974 Ph.D. East Asian History and Languages, Harvard University
• Career:
  1966/8-1968/8 Assistant Research Fellow,
  Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica
  1974/8-1978/10 Associate Research Fellow,
  Institute of American Culture, Academia Sinica
  1976/9-1977/6 Post-doctoral Fellow,
  Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania
  1977/9-1979/7 Associate Professor (part-time),
  Department of History, Taiwan University;
  Graduate Institute of History, Taiwan Normal University
  1978/1-7 & 1979/1-7 Associate Professor (part-time),
  Graduate Institute of Economics, Soochow University
  1978/11-1979/7 Associate Research Fellow,
  Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica
  1979/8-2001/9 Research Fellow, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica
  1998/8-2001/9 Research Fellow and Director,
  Institute of Taiwan History (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica
  2001/10-2003/11 Distinguished Research Fellow and Director
  Institute of Taiwan History (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica
  1979/9-1980/7 Professor (part-time),
  Graduate Institute of History, Taiwan Normal University
  1980/11 Visiting Professor, Centre Chine,
  Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
  1984/1-12 Fulbright Fellow, Professorial Lecturer in Economic History
  Georgetown University
  1989/4-6 Visiting Professor, Department of History
  University of California-Los Angeles
• Current Positions:
  2003/10- Vice President, Academia Sinica
  2001/10- Distinguished Research Fellow,
  Institute of Taiwan History (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica
  1980/8- Professor, Department of History, National Taiwan University
  (concurrent appointment with Academia Sinica)
  
  Honor: 1996/7- Member of Academia Sinica

• Publications of Ts’ui-jung Liu

Books:
1. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1969), The Problem of Fiscal Balance during the Shun-chih and K’ang-hsi Reigns. Taipei: Chia-Hsin Cultural Foundation. 6+165 pages. (in Chinese)
2. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1980), Trade on the Han River and Its Impact on Economic  Development, ca.1800-1911, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Monograph Series, No. 16, Taipei: Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica. 295 pages.
3. Paul K. C. Liu and Ts’ui-jung Liu (1983), Studies on China’s Population Problems, Taipei: Chung-yang wen-wu kung-ying she. 157 pages. (in Chinese)
4. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1992), Lineage Population and Socio-economic Changes in the Ming-Ch’ing Periods. Economic Studies Series, No. 15, Taipei: The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica. xv+320 pages. (in Chinese)

Articles:

1. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1967), “The Process of Taxation Exemption in the Shun-chih and K’ang-hsi reigns during the early Ch’ing Period,” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Vol. 37, Part 2, pp. 757-777. (in Chinese)
2. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1970), "Dike Construction in Ching-chou," Papers on China, Vol.23, pp. 1-28.
3. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1975), “A Comparison on the Pattern of Cotton Textile Factory in England and America,” American Studies, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 55-67. (in Chinese)
4. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1975), “A Review on Researches in the New Economic Hlistory of America in the past twenty years,” American Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 63-81. (in Chinese)
5. Ts'ui-jung Liu and John C. H. Fei (1977), "An Analysis of the Land Tax Burden in China, 1650-1865", Journal of Economic History, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp.339-381.
6. Ts'ui-jung Liu and John C. H. Fei (1977), "Population Dynamics of Agrarianism in Traditional China," in C. M. Hou and T. S. Yu (eds)., Modern Chinese Economic History: Proceedings of the Conference on Modern Chinese Economic History, Taipei: The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica. pp. 23-53.
7. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1977), “Recent Development in the Study of Historical Demography in Europe and America,” American Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 79-97. (in Chinese)
8. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1978), “Specialization in Southern China during the Ming and Ch’ing Periods,” Ta-lu Tsa-chih, Vol. 56, No. 3&4, pp. 1-35. (in Chinese)
9. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1978), "Chinese Genealogies as A Source for the Study of Historical Demography," Studies and Essays in Commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of Academia Sinica, Taipei: Academia Sinica, pp. 849-870.
10. Ts’ui-jung Liu and John C. H. Fei (1969), “Preliminary Study on the Operation of the Ch’ing Granary System,” Academia Economic Papers, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-29. (in Chinese)
11. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1980), “A Reappraisal on functions of the Granary System during the Ch’ing China,” Academia Economic Papers, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1-29. (in Chinese)
12. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1981), "The Demographic Dynamics of Some Clans in the Lower Yangtze Area, Ca. 1400-1900", Academia Economic Papers, Vol. 9, No.1, pp. 115-160.
13. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1981), “Demographic Dynamic of Some Lineages in the Lower
Yangtze Area during the Ming and Ch’ing Periods,” Proceedings of Academia Sinica’s International Conference on Sinology, Section on History and Archaeology, Taipei: Academia Sinica, pp. 817-848. (in Chinese)
14. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1981), “The Economy and the Industry in the Early Republican Period,” Proceedings of Conference on National Building of the Republic of China, Vol. 2, Taipei. pp. 71-100. (in Chinese)
15. John C. H. Fei and Ts'ui-jung Liu (1982), "The Growth and Decline of Chinese Family Clans," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp.375-408.
16. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1983), “The Development of Manufacturing Industry in China, 1912-1928,” Academia Economic Papers, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 69-127. (in Chinese)
17. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1983), “Population Increase and Migration in the Ming and Ch’ing Periods: Examples from the Lineages in the Lower and Middle Yangtze areas,” In Cho-yun Hsu, Han-kuang Mao and Ts’ui-jung Liu (eds.), Papers from Seminar on Chinese Social and Economic History. Taipei: Resource and Information Center for Chinese Studies, pp. 283-316.(in Chinese)
18. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1983), “A Historical Analysis on the Development of Science and Technology in Modern China,” Proceedings of Conference on the Development of Culture, Science and Technology, Taipei: National Science Council, pp. 21-42. (in Chinese)
19. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1984), "The Problem of Food Supply in China, 1912-1927", Proceedings of the Conference on the Early History of the Republic of China, Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, pp. 657-673.
20. John C. H. Fei and Ts'ui-jung Liu (1985), "The Agrarian Land Structure and Distribu tion: Priliminary Analysis on the Land Records of Kwangtung in the 1930's", Academia Economic Papers, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 249-305.
21. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1985), "The Demography of Two Chinese Clans in Hsiao-shan, Chekiang, 1650-1850", in Susan B. Hanley and Arhtur P. Wolf (eds), Family and Population in East Asian History, Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp.13-61.
22. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1985), "A Reappraisal of the Functions of the Granary System in Ch'ing China (1644-1911), in Marceau Gast et al eds., Les techniques de conservation des grains a long terme, Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, III, fasc 1, pp. 305-321.

23. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1986), "Agricultural Changes and Population Growth: A Brief Survey on the Case of China in Historical Perspective", Academia Economic Papers, Vol.14, No.1, pp.29-68.
24. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1986), “Demographic Aspects of Urbanization in the Lower Yantze Region in China, ca. 1500-1900,’ Academia Economic Papers, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 43-86. (in Chinese)
25. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1987), “On the Growth and Functions of the Chinese Lineage: An Example of Hsu Lineage from Hsiang-shan, Kwangtung,” Proceedings of the Third Conference on Asian Clan Genealogies, Taipei: Center for Chinese Studies Materials, United Daily News Cultural Foundation, pp. 369-416. (in Chinese)
26. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1988), “Customs Revenue and the Late Ch’ing Self-Strengthening Movement,” Proceedings of the Conference on the Self-Strengthening Movement in Late Ch’ing China, 1860-1894, Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, pp. 1005-1032. (in Chinese)
27. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1989), “Demographic Characteristics of Three Lineages in Hopei,” Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Asian Clan Genealogies, Taipei: Center for Chinese Studies Materials, United Daily News Cultural Foundation, pp. 61-98. (in Chinese)
28. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1989), “The Growth of Huang Lineage in I-Huang, Kiangsi and its Social-economic Activities,” Proceedings of Academia Sinica’s Second International Conference on Sinology, Section on Ming, Ch’ing and Modern History, Taipei: Academia Sinica, pp. 243-274. (in Chinese)
29. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1990), "Features of Imperfect Competition of the Ming-Ch'ing Salt Market", in Yung-san Lee and Ts’ui-jung Liu (eds)., China’s Market Economy in Transition, Taipei: The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, pp.259-327.
30. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1990), "Demographic Aspects of Urbanization in the Lower Yangzi Region of China, c. 1500-1900", in Ad van der Woude, Jan de Vries and Akira Hayami (eds.), Urbanization in History: A Process of Dynamic Interactions, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp.328-351,
31. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1991), "Rice Culture in South China, 1500-1900: Adjustment and limitation in Historical Perspective," Bulletin of the Department of History, National Taiwan University, No. 16, pp. 217-244.
32. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1991), “Urbanization in Taiwan during the Past Eighty Years,” Proceedings of Conference on Eighty Years History of the Republic of China, 1912-1991, Taipei: Chin-tai Chung-kuo Ch’u-pan-she, Vol. 4, pp. 528-572, (in Chinese)
33. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1992), “Marriage Pattern and Fertility of Some Lineages in the Ming and Ch’ing Periods,” Papers on Society and Culture of Early Modern China, Symposium Series of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, No. 1, pp. 315-385. (in Chinese)
34. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1992), "Formation and Function of Three Lineages in Hunan," Family Process and Political Process in Modern Chinese History, Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, pp. 327-375.
35. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1992), “Chinese Concept of Wealth,“ Proceedings of International Conference on Values in Chinese Societies, Taipei: Center for Chinese Studies, pp. 705-720. (in Chinese)
36. Ts’ui-jung Liu and Shi-yung Liu (1992), “Water Supply and Water Drainage: a Study on the History of Settlement Environment on Taiwan,” Academia Economic Papers, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 459-504. (in Chinese)
37. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1992), "The Demography of Chinese Lineage Populations, c.1300-1900", Discussion Paper 9217, The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, pp.1-36, October 1992. A shorten version is included in International Population Conference, Montreal, 1993. Vol.4, pp.119-138,
38. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1993), “The Seasonal Pattern of Fertility and Mortality: Evidences from the Chinese Lineage Populations in the Ming and Ch’ing Periods,” Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Asian Clan Genealogies, Taipei: Center for Chinese Studies Materials, United Daily News Cultural Foundation, pp. 183-234. (in Chinese)
39. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1995), "A Comparison of Lineage Populations in South China," in Stevan Harrell (ed.), Chinese Historical Micro-Demography, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, pp.94-120.
40. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1995), "Demographic Constraint and Family Structure in Traditional Chinese Lineages, ca.1200-1900," in Stevan Harrell (ed.), Chinese Historical Micro-Demography, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, pp.121-140,
41. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1995), “Han Immigration and the Settlement of Taiwan,” in Ts’ui-jung Liu and Mark Elvin (eds.), Chi Chien So Chih: Papers on The Environmental History of China, Taipei: The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, pp. 295-347. (in Chinese)
42. Ts'ui-jung Liu (1998), "Han Immigration and the Settlement of Taiwan: the Onset of Environmental Change", in Mark Elvin and Ts'ui-jung Liu (eds.), Sediments of Time: Environment and Society in Chinese History, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 165-199.
43. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1998), “City and Countryside,” in Chang Yu-fa (ed.), The Social History of the Republic of China, Taipei: Academia Historica, Chapter 5. (in Chinese)
44. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1998), “A Preliminary Study on the Population and Institution of Old Age in the Ch’ing Dynasty,” in Yen-ping Hao and Hsiu-mei Wei (eds.), Symposium in Celebration of the Seventy-fifth Birthday of Academician Kwang-ching Liu, Taipei: The Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, pp. 259-281.(in Chinese)
45. Ts’ui-jung Liu and Shi-yung Liu (1999), “Disease and Mortality in the History of Taiwan,” Tai-wan-shih yen-chiu (Taiwan Historical Research), Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 89-132. (in Chinese)
46. Ts’ui-jung Liu (1999), “Old Age in Ch’ing Society,” in Chaonan Chen et al. (eds), Emerging Social Economic Welfare Program for Aging in Taiwan in a World Context, Taipei: The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, pp. 17-42.
47. Ts’ui-jung Liu, (1999) “The Traditional Chinese Concepts and Institutions on the Environment,” in Tien-wang Tsaur et al. (eds.), Economic Growth, Income Distribution, and Evolution of Institution, Taipei: Sun Yat-sen Institute of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Academia Sinica, pp. 1-42. (in Chinese)
48. Ts’ui-jung Liu and Shi-yung Liu (2000), “A Preliminary Study on Taiwan’s Forest Reserves in the Japanese Coloninal Period: A Legacy of Environmental Conservation,” Tai-wan shih yen-chiu (Taiwan Historical Research), Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-34.
49. Ts’ui-jung Liu (2001), “On the Function of Cooperative Granary in Taiwan, 1922-1942,” in Tsong-min Wu (ed.), Symposium in Memory of Professor Chang Han- yu, Taipei: Foundation of Economic Research, National Taiwan University, pp. 99-137.
50. Ts’ui-jung Liu (2001), “A Preliminary Study on the Function of Taiwan’s Cooperative Granaries in the Later Half of the Japanese Colonial Period,” Tai-wanshih yen-chiu (Taiwan Historical Research), Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 135-173. (in Chinese)
51. Ts’ui-jung Liu, (2001), “On the Function of Cooperative Granary in Taiwan, 1922-1942,” in Symposium in Memorial of Professor Chang Han-yu, Taipei: Economic Research Foundation of National Taiwan University, pp. 93-137.
52. Ts’ui-jung Liu and Shi-yung Liu (2001), “Disease and Mortality in the History of Taiwan,” in Ts’ui-jung Liu et al (eds.), Asian Population History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 248-269.
53. Ts'ui-jung Liu, (2002), "Regional Variation of Industrial Development in Taiwan: An Overview," in Ts’ui-jung Liu and Shou-chien Shih (eds.), Economic History, Urban Culture and Material Culture, Papers from the Third International Conference on Sinology, Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, pp. 225-264.
54. Ts’ui-jung Liu, (2003), “The State and Problems in the Research of Taiwan History,” in Hiyama Yukio (ed.), Modern Taiwan and Japan, Nagoya: Chukyo University, pp. 67-78. (translated into Japanese by Chang Chin)

55. Ts’ui-jung Liu (2003), “On the Study of Taiwan Environmental History,” in Journal of Japanese Association of Taiwan Study, No. 5, pp. 176-195。(translated into Japanese by Matsukane Kimimasa)

• Dr. Ovid J. L. Tzeng

     Ovid J. L. Tzeng is Vice President of the Academia Sinica in Taiwan R.O. C.. He is a respected psychologist recognized for his work in cognitive neuropsychology and is known particularly for his extensive analysis of cognition and memory system. His Ph.D. Dissertation was honored in the "Creative Talent Award Program of the year 1972" by the American Institutes for Research.

      Ovid joined the faculty of Ohio University in 1972 and after two years moved to the University of California, Riverside (UCR). In that period, he created a research center for studies in speech recording process during reading, human information processing, bilingual speech perception, orthography and reading behaviors of dyslexics, and Chinese aphasia. In particular, he was the leading pioneer in the field of the Cognitive Neuroscientific Studies of Chinese Language. There were three papers published in Nature between 1976 and 1979 for his research work on the cognitive neuropsychology of Chinese language processing and that was considered an honor in the field of Psychology .

      Ovid has had a distinguished professional career that includes serving as Visiting Associate Professor at the Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley; Visiting Associate Professor at the Haskins Laboratories and Yale University; Visiting Scientist at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego; External Examiner for the Institute of Education, Singapore and the Chinese University of Hong Kong; Professor and Dean of the College of Social Sciences at the National Chung Cheng University; Professor and President of he National Yang-Ming University; Minister of Education, Taiwan, R.O.C.. He was awarded a National Award of Distinguished Scholarship of Ministry of Education, R.O.C. and the Special Lectureship in Cognitive Science by the National Science Council, R.O.C. Besides, he is the author of more than 100 scientific papers and also the consulting editor for many journals including Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Science; Memory and Cognition, Psychological Research: An International Journal of Perception, ,Learning and Communication; Journal of Chinese Linguistics (UC-Berkeley Press),Chinese Journal of Psychology, Journal of East Asian Linguistics; and Educational Journal in Hong Kong.

      Since 1994, Ovid has been a fellow member of Academia Sinica and devoted himself to the research of cognitive neuroscientific studies of memory and language. Now, serving as one of the three Vice Presidents of Academic Sinica, he is responsible for promoting the interaction between Academia Sinica and International Council of Science Union (ICSU ). He is also responsible for promoting the cooperation between Academia Sinica and research institutes around the world. In addition, he is currently the Director of the newly established Taiwan International Graduated Program(TIGP).

  
  　

Major Organization of Academia Sinica

The Convocation

• To elect members and honorary members.
• To elect members to the Council of Academia Sinica.
• To make policies on academic research.
• To carry out research at the government's request.

The Council

The Council consists of 19 ex officio members (the President, the Vice Presidents, and the directors of the research institutes ) and 36 elected members at the tenure of three years. The Council's functions are as follows:

• To make and review research policies.
• To evaluate proposals concerning changes to the institutes and research projects.
• To promote academic cooperation in the Republic of China and with other countries
• To make plans for academic development when requested by the government.
• To elect a shortlist of three candidates for the presidency of Academia Sinica when the presidency vacates. Of them one will be appointed by the President of the Republic of China to head the academy.
• The formulation of rules as authorized the by-laws of Academia Sinica.

The Central Advisory Committee

The Central Advisory Committee was established on august 19, 1991. The committee is composed of the chairpersons of the advisory committees of the individual institutes plus two or three specialists, nominated by the president of Academia Sinica, for each of the Academy's three divisions (Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Life Sciences and Humanities and Social Sciences). One of the Vice President of Academia Sinica serves as chairperson.

The tasks of the Central Advisory Committee at the moment are (1) to recruit national and international specialists for the three divisions of the Academy; and (2) to create long-term and interdisciplinary research plans. At the same time, the Central Advisory Committee is also responsible for evaluation and promotion of cross-institutional large-sacle research projects, for application and screening of postdoctoral researcher, and for selecting winners of Academia Sinica's annual awards for outstanding publications by junior research faculties.

The Institutes

At the moment, there are 24 institutes/preparatory offices in the Academia Sinica, under three divisions, namely, division of Mathematics & Physical Sciences, division of Life Sciences, and division of Humanities & Social Sciences:

1. the division of mathematics and physical sciences,
2. the division of life sciences
3. the division of social sciences and humanities.

Division of Mathematics and Physical Sciences

The division of mathematics and physical sciences includes

• Institute of Mathematics
• Institute of Physics
• Institute of Chemistry
• Institute of Earth Sciences
• Institute of Information Science
• Institute of Statistical Science
• Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
• Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Preparatory Office)
• Insitute of Applied Science and Engineering Research(Preparatory Office)

Division of Life Sciences

The division of life sciences includes

• Institute of Botany
• Institute of Zoology
• Institute of Biological Chemistry
• Institute of Molecular Biology
• Institute of Biomedical Sciences
• Institute of BioAgricutral Sciences (Preparatory Office)

Division of Social Sciences and Humanities

The division of social sciences and humanities includes

• Institute of History and Philology
• Institute of Ethnology
• Institute of Modern History
• Institute of Economics
• Institute of European and American Studies
• Sun Yat-Sen Institute for Social Sciences and Philosophy
• Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy (Preparatory Office)
• Institute of Taiwan History (Preparatory Office)
• Institute of Sociology
• Institute of Linguistics (Preparatory Office)

Research Staff

The number of research staff of Academia Sinica at present totals 802, with 13 distinguished research fellows, 324 research fellows, 188 associate research fellows, 134 assistant research fellows, and 123 assistant fellows and 20 research assistants. Over 90% of the staff above the level of assistant research fellows (inclusive) hold a Ph.D. degree.

Budget

Academia Sinica answers directly to the Presidential Office. Its budget is voted upon by the Legislative Yuan. The budget of 1999 is NT$ 4506 million, an increase of 12.84%, compared to NT$3993 million of the previous year. Of the total spending, the research of Mathematics and Physical Sciences accounts for 21.13%, the research of Life Sciences 21.17%, the research of Humanities and Social Sciences 20.95%, construction and facility 16.19% and Miscellaneous 20.56%.

Recently Progress

Under the leadership of President Yuan T. Lee and his predecessor Dr. Ta-You Wu, Academia Sinica has made tremendous progress in recent years. More and more research papers are accepted by internationally well-established journals. Some research journals published by Academia Sinica, such as Zoological Studies and Statistical Sinica, have also received international recognition.

International collaborations have also been a focus of the development of Academia Sinica. The Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, for example, has recently started construction of two 6-meter sub-mm telescopes which will be incorporated into the Sub-Millimeter Array of Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, to be built on top of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Upon its completion in 1998, it will be the first sub-mm array in the world. Astronomers in Taiwan would be among the first to explore mysteries of the universe in ways that have not been revealed before.

Academia Sinica is involved in another pioneering project. The High-Energy Experimental Physics group of the Institute of Physics has been participating in the collider detector experiment at Fermilab in search of "top quark." When the existence of top quark was finally confirmed last March, R.O.C. became one of the five countries contributing to this discovery.

Still another pioneering project, conducted by the Institute of Information Science, is typically Chinese: the Chinese Information Processing Project, which initiated research in Chinese language engineering related research such as a dictation system, called the "Golden Mandarin III," for automatic conversion of Chinese phonetic symbols (fed into the computer by using fluent, continuous Mandarin voice) into corresponding characters.

Researchers in the division of life sciences at Academia Sinica have demonstrated their expertise with distinction in biology and biotechnology. Moreover, the results of their basic research have often had immediate practical application for the well-being of people and other creatures on earth. For example, the Cancer Research Division of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences seeks to develop anti-cancer drugs, immunodrugs, vaccines, and new biophysical technology for analyzing genes and genotoxic effects of heavy metals. Institutes of Botany and of Zoology are in the process of establishing local databases, in close cooperation with global environmental institutions. These databases will be useful in resource exploitation, environmental impact evaluation, ecological conservation, as well as public education. As a result of efforts by zoologists at Academia Sinica, Lanyu scops owl (Otus elegans botelensis), a rare species found only on Orchid Island, south east of Taiwan, is now considered vulnerable rather than endangered.

Academia Sinica also plays a leading role in many fields in social sciences and humanities. The archaeological findings by researchers at the Institute of History and Philology have, in combination with traditional documents, led to a virtual rewriting of ancient Chinese history, pushing back the span of Chinese history by many centuries. The Institute of Ethnology looks into the cultures of various ethnic groups; its comparative studies of aboriginal peoples, particularly in Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific, have made it a unique center for anthropological research in Asia.

Future

As the 21st century draws near, Academia Sinica is preparing itself for new challenges in pursuit of excellence. Special emphasis will be placed on large- scale interdisciplinary projects. And greater efforts will be made to provide better facilities and environment, to enhance the quality of basic research, to promote exchange with research institutions abroad, and to meet, and even surpass, international academic standards.