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¸³¥²ªZ¼gµ¹¥Á°ê´Ö´¹ê·~®a¿pêì¥ý¥Íªº®¾Áp¡G¡u¤~¬O¸U¤H­^¡A¦b§Ü¾Ô§xÃø¤¤¡A¦h©Òµo©ú¡A¦Û¥X¾÷ªV¡C¥\©y¦Ê¥NªÁ¡A¤_Á|¥@²V¿B¤é¡A¿W¯d²M¥Õ¡A³ô§@·¢¼Ò¡v¡]Âà¤Þºµ¤ë¤§¡q§Ç¡r¡A¦¬¤J¿p®a­×¡B¬h©M«°¡B¿p°¶ªN½s¡m¿pêì¥ý¥Í¦~ÃСn¡A¤W®ü¡G¤W®ü¥jÄy¥Xª©ªÀ¡A2006¡A­¶4¡^¡C¿pêì¡]1876-1943¡^¥X¨­±ß²M¤W®ü¤@­Ó¶}³]¡u¿p¤½¥¿ªá¦æ¡vªº´Öªá­ì®Æ¶R½æ¦æ·~°Ó¤H®a®x¡A14·³¶i¤J¥t¤@®a¤W®üªá¦æ°µ¾Ç®{¡F22·³¶}©l¦Û­×­^¤å¡A25·³¦Ò¤J¤W®ü®üÃö¡A¨Ã©ó¤u§@¾l·vÀH¦è¤è¤H¬ãŪ¾ú¥v»P¼Æ¾Ç¡AÂà¦Ó¥ß§Ó¡u±ý¥X¬v¬ã¨s¸gÀپǡA¬°¥L¤é¦¬¦^Ãöµ|¦Û¥D¤§¹w³Æ¡v¡F¨ä«á¡A®È´å°ê¤º¦U¦a¡A¡uÀq¹î¥­¥Á¥Í­p¡v¤§³h§x¡A²`·P®¶¿³¹ê·~»Pµo®i¹A·~¤§­«­n¡A©ó¬O¡u©õ¤é¬ã¨s¸gÀÙ¡B¦¬¦^µ|Åv¤§§ÓÄ@¡A¤@Åܦөw¬°¬ã¨s¹A·~¤§ÁͦV¡v¡A¨Ã§ó¿n·¥Äw±¹¯d¾Ç¸g¶O¡C²M«Å²Î¤¸¦~¡]1909¡^²×±o¦pÄ@­u¬ü°ê¨D¾Ç¡A1913¦~6¤ë¨ú±o«Â¤h±d¨¯¤j¾Ç¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A¦P¦~Âà¤J¼w¦{¹A¤u±M­×¾Ç®Õ¾Ç²ß´Ó´Ö¤Î¯¼Â´¤u·~¡A¨Ã¶}©l±µÄ²·í®É¬ü°ê­Òij¤¤ªº¤u·~¥Í²£¡u¬ì¾ÇºÞ²zªk¡v¡C1914¦~6¤ë¨ú±oºÓ¤h¾Ç¦ìÂk°ê¡F¦P¦~7¤ë¡AÀ³ÁܺtÁ¿¯d¬ü¤ß±o¡A·|¤¤´£¿ô¯d¬ü²¦·~¥ÍÀ³¡u¥H©Ò¾Ç¨£½Ñ¹ê¥Î¬°¥D¡A¤Å¦³µêºa¤ß¡v¡A¨Ã«Å´­¡u¤H¥Á·í©úªÀ·|²Õ´­ì²z¡A¥H¾i¦¨¹ÎÅé²ßºD¡v¡C1914¦~10¤ë¡A©ó¤W®ü¤½¦@¯²¬ÉÁʱo¼t¦a¡A¥Ñ­^°ê¶i¤f¾÷¾¹¨Ã¸u¤uµ{®v¦w¸Ë¡A»P¥Sªø¿pªVÂN¦@³Ð¡u¼w¤j¯½¼t¡v¡A¥ß§Ó»P¤é¥»¯½¥¬·~Ävª§ªøµu¡C¦¹«á³°Äò°Ñ»PÄw²ÕµØ°Ó¯½¼tÁp¦X·|»PµØ°Ó´Ö·~¥æ©ö©Ò¡A²Õ«Ø«p¥Í¯½¼t»P¿ÝÂׯ½¼t¡A¨Ã­P¤O©ó³]¥ß¤¤µØÂ¾·~±Ð¨|¾Ç®Õ»P±X¼@¶Ç²ß©Ò¡B±À¼sºØ´ÓÀu¨}¬ü°ê´Öªá¥H¤Î¦X¿ì¤õ¤Oµo¹q¼tµ¥¸gÀÙ»P±Ð¨|¨Æ·~¡C¹ï¤é§Ü¾Ô´Á¶¡¡A¨Ã»P¦P§Ó©ó¥|¤t±À¼s¦U¦¡§ï¨}ªº´Ö¯¼¾÷¡B¼u´Ö¾÷¡B·n¯½¾÷¡B¥´¥]¾÷¡B±j¤O¾÷¡B²Mªá¾÷¡B·b´Ö¾÷µ¥©Ò¿×ªº¡u¤C¤C´Ö¯¼¤uµ{¡v¡A°ö´Ó¾Ô®É¥Á¥Í¤u·~¹ê¤O¡A°^Äm¬Æ¦h¡C¹Á¿×¡G¡u¤â¦³¾l¿ú¡A¯à¥Î¤§¤_ªÀ·|¦³¯q¨Æ¤W¡A¦¹¯u¤£¥¢´I®a¯ÎºA«×¡C°ê®aªÀ·|¶¡¡A¦h¦¹µ¥´I®a¯Î¡A§Y°ê®aªÀ·|¤§¤j©¯¡v¡A¥¿¬O¨ä¤@¥Í¦æ¨Æ¼g·Ó¡]§ó¦hªº¿p¤ó¥Í¥­¨ÆÂÝ¡A¥i¨£¥t¤å¡^¡C

 ¡¥Materialism must be a form of idealism, since it¡¦s wrong, too.¡¦ ¡]¥H¡uª«½è½×¡vÆ[ÂI¬ÝªÀ·|¤å¤Æ»P¾ú¥vÅܾE¥»½èªº¤H¡A¨s¨ä«ä·Q¹ê»Ú¡A¥²µM¤´¬O¤@ºØ¡uÆ[©À½×¡v¡C¡uª«½è½×¡vÆ[ÂI¨Ã¤£¥¿½T¡A¦Ó¡uÆ[©À½×¡v¥çµM¡^
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Marshall Sahlins, Waiting for Foucault and Other Aphorisms. (Prickly Pear Press, 1993) P.9.

¡¥(The) Altagshistoriker regarded the claims of ¡§progress¡¨ with a skeptical eye¡KShifting perspective onto the ¡§internal costs ¡¨ of social transformations in this way brings the casualties of progress more to the forefront of historical inquiry, as Edward Thompson and others in the Anglo-American discussion had so eloquently argued.¡¦ ¡]¼w°ê¡u¤é±`¥Í¬¡¥v¡v¬ã¨s¥ÎÃhºÃªº²´¥ú¬Ý«Ý©Ò¿×ªº¾ú¥v¡u¶i¨B¡v¡K¡K´ö´¶®]µ¥­^¬ü¬ã¨sªÌ¤]ºë±m¦a½×µý¦P¼Ëªº¥ß³õ¡A§â¬ã¨sµø³¥Âಾ¨ì¦ñÀHªÀ·|Â૬¦Ó¨Óªº¡u¤º³¡¥N»ù¡v¡A±N¾ú¥v¤W¨º¨Ç¾D¨ü¡u¶i¨B¡v·l®`ªº¥Á²³¦C¬°¾ú¥v¬ã¨s¤¤³Ì»Ýª`·Nªº¹ï¶H¡^
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Alf Ludtke, The History of Everyday Life: Reconstructing Historical Experiences and Ways of Life. (translated by William Templer, Princeton University Press, 1995), p.ix.

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